{"id":16387,"date":"2018-07-16T05:11:07","date_gmt":"2018-07-16T04:11:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/?p=16387"},"modified":"2025-12-13T22:54:43","modified_gmt":"2025-12-13T21:54:43","slug":"israel-ein-gesetzentwurf-der-demokratische-fragen-aufwirft","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/de\/politik\/welt\/israel-ein-gesetzentwurf-der-demokratische-fragen-aufwirft\/","title":{"rendered":"Israel: Ein Gesetzentwurf, der demokratische Fragen aufwirft"},"content":{"rendered":"

Die Montagsausgabe der Nachrichten - Baptiste Michellod<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 13. Juli kritisierte der israelische Premierminister Benjamin Netanyahu den europ\u00e4ischen Botschafter in Israel, Emanuele Giaufret, scharf. Grund daf\u00fcr war dessen Rede vor der Knesset (dem israelischen Parlament), w\u00e4hrend der er seine Bedenken \u00fcber den Entwurf des Grundgesetzes \u00abIsrael als Nationalstaat des j\u00fcdischen Volkes\u00bb, der derzeit diskutiert wird, ge\u00e4u\u00dfert hatte. Nach Ansicht des EU-Botschafters w\u00fcrde die Gesetzgebung die demokratischen Grunds\u00e4tze ernsthaft untergraben. Was sind die Gr\u00fcnde f\u00fcr diese Bedenken?<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Il convient tout d\u2019abord de rappeler que l\u2019Etat Isra\u00e9lien n\u2019est pas r\u00e9gi par une Constitution mais par un ensemble de Lois Fondamentales. Le projet constitutionnel n\u2019a jamais abouti en raison de l\u2019opposition entre la\u00efcs et religieux, les premiers d\u00e9sirant une constitution lib\u00e9rale sur le mod\u00e8le occidental tandis que les seconds refusaient qu\u2019un texte de loi puisse avoir une autorit\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de la Torah. Le cadre de fonctionnement de l\u2019Etat isra\u00e9lien est donc garanti par des lois dites fondamentales qui jouissent d\u2019un statut sup\u00e9rieur aux autres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

Le projet de Loi Fondamentale \u00abIsra\u00ebl en tant qu\u2019Etat-Nation du peuple juif\u00bb ent\u00e9rin\u00e9 \u00e0 la Knesset en mai 2017 est jusqu\u2019\u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui sujet \u00e0 de tr\u00e8s vives controverses entre ces m\u00eames religieux et la\u00efcs. En effet, cette l\u00e9gislation cherche explicitement \u00e0 privil\u00e9gier le caract\u00e8re juif d\u2019Isra\u00ebl au d\u00e9triment de son caract\u00e8re d\u00e9mocratique. La loi demande notamment que \u00able droit \u00e0 l’autod\u00e9termination nationale au sein de l’Etat d’Isra\u00ebl concerne exclusivement le peuple juif\u00bb (Article 1 alin\u00e9a 2), de rel\u00e9guer la langue arabe \u00e0 un \u00abstatut sp\u00e9cial\u00bb afin de faire de l\u2019h\u00e9breu l\u2019unique langue nationale et finalement de permettre la cr\u00e9ation de communaut\u00e9s autonomes bas\u00e9e sur une religion ou une ethnie commune \u2013 en d\u2019autres mots, des ghettos religieux ou ethniques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces trois points devraient suffire \u00e0 alarmer n\u2019importe quel observateur d\u00e9mocrate, car ils portent pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 une part importante de la population isra\u00e9lienne. Si cette loi venait \u00e0 passer, un citoyen sur quatre \u2013 Musulmans, Chr\u00e9tiens, Druzes et autres \u2013 perdra son droit \u00e0 l\u2019autod\u00e9termination et verra sa langue, culture et histoire rel\u00e9gu\u00e9es au second plan. Il s\u2019agirait l\u00e0 d\u2019un terrible recul de la d\u00e9mocratie en Isra\u00ebl. S\u2019inspirant de Hegel, le philosophe Francis Fukuyama affirmait que le d\u00e9sir de reconnaissance est le moteur de l\u2019histoire humaine. Selon lui, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sera imparfaite et en proie \u00e0 l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 tant que ses contradictions fondamentales n\u2019auront pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9solues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lesen Sie auch | Foxtrot, entre humanit\u00e9 et absurdit\u00e9<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il appara\u00eet que la promulgation de la loi \u00abIsra\u00ebl en tant qu\u2019Etat-Nation du peuple juif\u00bb serait \u00e0 la fois le signe d\u2019un recul de la d\u00e9mocratie et du refus de reconnaissance de tous les peuples non-juifs qui habitent ce pays depuis des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations. De plus, cette loi ne pourrait qu\u2019aggraver les relations d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9sastreuses entre l\u2019Etat Isra\u00e9lien et les Arabes vivant en Isra\u00ebl et en Palestine. Finalement, en favorisant ainsi sa majorit\u00e9 religieuse au d\u00e9triment des minorit\u00e9s, Isra\u00ebl lancerait ainsi un message bien paradoxal aux Etats dans lesquels ses coreligionnaires vivent au sein de minorit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

Enfin, faisons une derni\u00e8re fois appel \u00e0 l\u2019histoire. La D\u00e9claration d\u2019Ind\u00e9pendance d\u2019Isra\u00ebl de 1948 stipulait: \u00ab[L\u2019Etat d\u2019Isra\u00ebl] assurera la plus compl\u00e8te \u00e9galit\u00e9 sociale et politique \u00e0 tous ses habitants sans distinction de religion, de race ou de sexe.\u00bb A la lumi\u00e8re de ce texte, le projet de loi actuel est un d\u00e9saveu explicite des principes fondateurs d\u2019Isra\u00ebl et de la tradition d\u00e9mocratique lib\u00e9rale. Le processus de cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une Loi Fondamentale est cependant long et complexe. L\u2019intervention de l\u2019ambassadeur Giaufret au Knesset n\u2019en reste pas moins pertinente et justifi\u00e9e, tant le monde politique isra\u00e9lien se radicalise actuellement. Nous ne pouvons qu\u2019esp\u00e9rer que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et les partis mod\u00e9r\u00e9s isra\u00e9liens parviendront \u00e0 mettre un terme \u00e0 ce projet en tous points liberticide.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les lundis de l\u2019actualit\u00e9 \u2013 Baptiste Michellod Le 13 juillet dernier, le premier ministre isra\u00e9lien Benjamin Netanyahu a vivement critiqu\u00e9 l\u2019ambassadeur…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":510008,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[644357281],"tags":[583885954,644339110,801668,644339115,644339112,61440,644339114,644339111,9937,644339117,644339116,644339108],"class_list":["post-16387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-monde","tag-baptiste-michellod","tag-benjamin-netanyahu","tag-communautarisme","tag-constitution-liberale","tag-constitutionnalisme","tag-democratie","tag-democratie-liberale","tag-emanuele-giaufret","tag-israel","tag-knensset","tag-lois-fondamentales","tag-projet-de-loi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIsra\u00ebl: un projet de loi qui pose des questions d\u00e9mocratiques<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Isra\u00ebl: la Loi Fondamentale \u00abIsra\u00ebl en tant qu\u2019Etat-Nation du peuple juif\u00bb\u00a0actuellement en discussion suscite le d\u00e9bat. 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