{"id":10827,"date":"2017-08-19T17:24:21","date_gmt":"2017-08-19T15:24:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/?p=10827"},"modified":"2025-12-13T22:45:30","modified_gmt":"2025-12-13T21:45:30","slug":"europe-federale-commentaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/policy\/switzerland\/europe-federale-commentaire\/","title":{"rendered":"For a strong federal Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"

Over the next few decades, Europe will undeniably face numerous challenges at technological, political, institutional, military, identity, cultural, religious, social and environmental levels. But what role should it play?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Il est crucial, pour ce plaidoyer, d\u2019\u00e9tablir les pr\u00e9misses suivantes: il est question ici de l\u2019Europe au sens large, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire de l\u2019Atlantique \u00e0 l\u2019Oural, de l\u2019Islande \u00e0 l\u2019Anatolie, du d\u00e9troit de Gibraltar \u00e0 Mourmansk, en passant par les Alpes et les Balkans; le tout en faisant abstraction de ses dirigeants politiques actuels, hostiles ou non \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019une Europe forte. La clef du succ\u00e8s de cette Europe, pour sa survie, doit \u00eatre bas\u00e9e sur trois principes: la paix, des institutions f\u00e9d\u00e9rales et une coop\u00e9ration accrue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une paix fondatrice<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne (UE) actuelle, on le sait, a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e sur des bases \u00e9conomiques pour maintenir une paix durable entre deux vieux ennemis, aujourd\u2019hui probablement les alli\u00e9s les plus proches du monde. L\u2019Europe de demain doit continuer sur cette voie et cet id\u00e9al de paix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les guerres profitent toujours \u00e0 un cercle de personnes restreint, et tr\u00e8s rarement aux populations civiles touch\u00e9es pendant et apr\u00e8s le conflit. Dans le cas de l\u2019Europe, il semble que cela soit l\u2019exception qui confirme la r\u00e8gle: tel un ph\u0153nix qui rena\u00eet de ses cendres, elle a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 se remettre debout et \u00e0 progresser de mani\u00e8re unie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mod\u00e8le f\u00e9d\u00e9ral solide de bas en haut<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Europe de demain, si elle veut s\u2019imposer et asseoir sa l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 \u00e0 la table des grandes puissances politiques de ce monde, doit se doter de toute urgence d\u2019un syst\u00e8me politique et institutionnel f\u00e9d\u00e9ral assum\u00e9 et d\u00fbment ancr\u00e9 dans une nouvelle Constitution europ\u00e9enne. La diversit\u00e9 du continent sur les plans mentionn\u00e9s pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment ne demande qu\u2019\u00e0 embrasser une r\u00e9partition claire des comp\u00e9tences entre les futurs Etats f\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s et le pouvoir f\u00e9d\u00e9ral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La politique ext\u00e9rieure, les forces arm\u00e9es, le contr\u00f4le des fronti\u00e8res ext\u00e9rieures et la gestion de l\u2019immigration devraient \u00eatre exclusivement de comp\u00e9tence f\u00e9d\u00e9rale par souci de coh\u00e9rence. En revanche, l\u2019\u00e9ducation, la culture, la l\u00e9gif\u00e9ration en mati\u00e8re civile et p\u00e9nale devraient rester d\u00e9volues aux Etats f\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il ne s\u2019agit l\u00e0 que d\u2019exemples, mais une conditio sine qua non doit toutefois pr\u00e9valoir avant toute r\u00e9partition: ce sont les futurs Etats f\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s qui d\u00e9l\u00e9gueront au pouvoir f\u00e9d\u00e9ral lesdites comp\u00e9tences, de bas en haut, et non l\u2019inverse, comme dans un syst\u00e8me pr\u00e9sent au Canada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En ce qui concerne le droit de battre monnaie (unique), ces futures institutions doivent faire table rase du concept actuel de la zone euro, et jeter des bases neuves pour \u00e9viter les erreurs commises. La m\u00eame appr\u00e9ciation vaudrait pour la politique financi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une Europe \u00e0 plusieurs vitesses?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La question d\u2019une, ou plut\u00f4t des Europes instutionnelles \u00e0 plusieurs vitesses est ressortie r\u00e9cemment dans la presse traditionnelle comme potentielle sortie de l\u2019impasse dans laquelle s\u2019est engouffr\u00e9e l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. Il faudrait plut\u00f4t partir du principe que ces nombreuses Europes existent d\u00e9j\u00e0 et fonctionnent avec plus ou moins d\u2019efficacit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elles portent le nom d\u2019UE, d\u2019AELE, d\u2019OTAN, d\u2019OSCE, d\u2019OCDE, d\u2019Espace Schengen\/Dublin, de Zone Europe, de Conseil de l\u2019Europe. Certaines se cantonnent au continent, d\u2019autres sont beaucoup plus \u00e9tendues. Il faut continuer sur ce mod\u00e8le de pluralit\u00e9 d\u2019unions, et laisser la libert\u00e9 aux Etats qui veulent avancer ensemble plus en profondeur sur certains sujets le faire, et non pas les freiner, sinon partir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cela ne doit en rien emp\u00eacher une coop\u00e9ration engag\u00e9e dans plusieurs domaines, \u00e0 la seule condition que cela serve les Europ\u00e9ens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une Suisse aux aguets<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Que doit faire la Suisse, me demanderez-vous? Avec la situation pr\u00e9sente, elle ne peut faire qu\u2019une chose: attendre. Attendre et pouvoir en discuter en son sein. Attendre la bonne et juste occasion. Attendre que la future Europe f\u00e9d\u00e9rale soit m\u00fbre et aboutie pour l\u2019accueillir. Attendre que le peuple se fasse \u00e0 cette id\u00e9e qu\u2019une Europe f\u00e9d\u00e9rale n\u2019est pas un monstre, mais une opportunit\u00e9. Attendre que le processus de d\u00e9cision populaire soit respect\u00e9, \u00e0 la lettre et dans les r\u00e8gles de l\u2019art, sous peine d\u2019un claquage de porte d\u00e9finitif sur toute perspective d\u2019int\u00e9gration dans l\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un chemin vers l\u2019Olympe sem\u00e9 d\u2019emb\u00fbches<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les Europ\u00e9ens sont capables d\u2019avancer s\u2019ils le veulent et s\u2019ils saisissent \u00e0 temps cette chance de pouvoir s\u2019imposer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La route est longue avant de pouvoir arriver \u00e0 ce mod\u00e8le, et personne ne dit qu\u2019elle sera facile, c\u2019est m\u00eame l\u2019inverse. Il y aura toujours des dirigeants politiques qui freineront des quatre fers pour rester bloqu\u00e9s dans une perspective historique d\u00e9su\u00e8te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il ne s\u2019agit en rien d\u2019ignorer sa propre histoire, au contraire: mille ans presque ininterrompus de guerres, de sang, de destruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 suivis par la cr\u00e9ation de la CECA, une paix stable instaur\u00e9e avec une l\u00e9galit\u00e9 et une coop\u00e9ration croissantes, bien qu\u2019imparfaites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il ne manque plus qu\u2019une poign\u00e9e de visionnaires dans les pays pour insuffler cet \u00e9lan. Ou sont-ils d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sents et en place?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet article est paru dans notre \u00e9dition papier (Le Regard Libre N\u00b0 30<\/em>).<\/h6>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Over the next few decades, Europe will undeniably face numerous challenges at technological, political, institutional, military, identity, cultural, religious, social and environmental levels. But what role should it play?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":793,"featured_media":524388,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[644357279],"tags":[4328,915587,579220,457475,586653194,644356564,157129],"class_list":["post-10827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-suisse","tag-europe","tag-federalisme","tag-otan","tag-paix","tag-relation-suisse-union-europeenne","tag-tribunes","tag-union-europeenne"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPour une Europe f\u00e9d\u00e9rale forte<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019Europe, lors des prochaines d\u00e9cennies, sera confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux d\u00e9fis. 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