{"id":15506,"date":"2018-05-28T06:00:07","date_gmt":"2018-05-28T05:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/?p=15506"},"modified":"2025-12-13T22:54:54","modified_gmt":"2025-12-13T21:54:54","slug":"a-brief-history-of-venezuela-to-understand-the-present","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/politique\/monde\/une-courte-histoire-du-venezuela-pour-comprendre-le-present\/","title":{"rendered":"A short history of Venezuela to understand the present"},"content":{"rendered":"

News Mondays - H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Lavoyer<\/em><\/p>\n

Here's a piece of news you're sure to have heard about this week: Nicol\u00e0s Maduro, successor to Hugo Chavez after his death in 2013, has been re-elected for another term as President of Venezuela. With nearly 70% of the vote, the president nevertheless finds himself more isolated and contested than ever; indeed, the economic and social situation is worsening, and the country remains one of the most dangerous in the world, not least because of its status as a \u00abhub\u00bb for the drug trade.<\/p>\n

Why do more than half the population abstain from voting in elections? What are the causes of the population's discontent? Taking into account the politics under Chavez gives us a better grasp of what's at stake today.<\/p>\n

Social Progress Under Ch\u00e1vez<\/h3>\n

In 1998, Hugo Ch\u00e1vez was elected president of Venezuela. He then unveiled the \u00abBolivarian Revolution,\u00bb intended to revive the economy and address social inequalities while bringing the country onto the international stage. He succeeded in this endeavor, as between 1999 and 2010, the school enrollment rate rose from 48% to 72%, and the proportion of the population living in poverty fell by 21% during that same period.<\/p>\n

However, several shortcomings call Ch\u00e1vez\u2019s policies into question, particularly the issue of security, which continues to deteriorate. There are several reasons for this, including the presence of the FARC in Colombia, as well as the porous border between the two countries, which has reportedly benefited both the cocaine and arms markets. Even today, Venezuela is considered one of the most dangerous countries in the world.<\/p>\n

From Ch\u00e1vez to Maduro<\/h3>\n

In 2013, just after he had been re-elected, Hugo Ch\u00e1vez died, and Nicol\u00e1s Maduro\u2014also a member of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela\u2014took over as the country\u2019s leader. A major problem during the Ch\u00e1vez years was that the government\u2019s primary source of funding was the oil industry, as Venezuela is rich in this raw material\u2014even more so than Saudi Arabia.<\/p>\n

When oil prices fell\u2014due to a lack of economic diversification and tensions with the United States (since Ch\u00e1vez had long fought against U.S. influence in Central America)\u2014the economic crisis escalated into a social crisis, as public services depended on those funds. The new challenge was then to maintain the improved social conditions of the people; however, despite numerous measures aimed, for example, at raising the minimum wage, this effort failed.<\/p>\n

Food and medicine shortages are becoming increasingly common, as the economy lacks diversity. The drop in oil prices goes hand in hand with rising poverty and fewer resources to import the 50% that Venezuelans consume as food.<\/p>\n

But why is Maduro so controversial?<\/h3>\n

There are several reasons for the widespread hatred directed at the \u00abMaduro government\u00bb today. Not only is there the scale of the economic and social crisis, but also the near-total lack of press freedom, as the media is heavily controlled and oppressed by the government. The political opposition and the people accuse Maduro of dictatorship.<\/p>\n

In 2015, the opposition gained ground and secured a numerical majority in Parliament. This marked the beginning of a tense standoff with the Maduro government. The conflict escalated further in March 2017 when the Supreme Court (the country\u2019s highest judicial authority), composed largely of Maduro supporters, announced its decision to dissolve Parliament, with its powers to be transferred to the Supreme Court.<\/p>\n

By the time the institution reversed its decision, it was too late, and supporters of the opposition began staging numerous street protests, followed by clashes with the military, which was largely pro-Maduro. The clashes escalated, and both sides were the targets of violent attacks.<\/p>\n

What now?<\/h3>\n

Today, Nicol\u00e1s Maduro\u2019s reelection is being strongly contested\u2014both within Venezuela and beyond its borders. The United States threatened, the very day after the results were announced, to take swift economic and diplomatic action. The European Union and the member countries of the \u00abLima Group\u00bb have also rejected the outcome. In their statements, they have primarily cited the lack of respect for democracy and the suffering of the Venezuelan people. Other countries, such as Russia and El Salvador, have congratulated Maduro on his reelection.<\/p>\n

The current challenges facing Maduro therefore lie in the conflicts with the opposition and the socioeconomic situation of the population, which has deteriorated since 2013. In addition, corruption and the drug trade will have to be part of the new president\u2019s agenda. Nothing is certain, however, and it is not impossible that a new leader could take Maduro\u2019s place as a result of coercive measures.<\/p>\n

Write to the author : helene.lavoyer@leregardlibre.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les lundis de l’actualit\u00e9 \u2013 H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Lavoyer Voici une nouvelle dont vous avez certainement entendu parler cette semaine : Nicol\u00e0s Maduro, successeur…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":326,"featured_media":509849,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[644357281],"tags":[532906,162414,870132,1657925,437278,217845,737136,157129],"class_list":["post-15506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-monde","tag-amerique-du-sud","tag-chavez","tag-gouvernement","tag-maduro","tag-penurie","tag-petrole","tag-relations-internationales","tag-union-europeenne"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUne courte histoire du Venezuela pour comprendre le pr\u00e9sent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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