{"id":17554,"date":"2018-11-05T20:00:07","date_gmt":"2018-11-05T19:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/?p=17554"},"modified":"2025-12-13T22:46:58","modified_gmt":"2025-12-13T21:46:58","slug":"le-phantasme-des-votations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/policy\/switzerland\/le-phantasme-des-votations\/","title":{"rendered":"Voting fantasy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>News Mondays - Cl\u00e9ment Guntern<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sunday November 4 and Monday November 5, 2018 were each in their own way revealing of what a popular consultation, or a vote as it's called in Switzerland, represents. On Sunday, the inhabitants of the archipelago of New Caledonia had to decide on their independence from France, while in Switzerland, this Monday morning, the justice of the canton of Berne invalidated the popular decision on the cantonal membership of the town of Moutier, voted on a year ago. These two recent examples illustrate a certain contradiction between the merits we give to this type of democratic exercise and the effects we can reasonably expect from them in terms of conflict resolution.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Car les consultations populaires sont souvent vues comme la solution \u00e0 tous les probl\u00e8mes et portent en elles l\u2019espoir du r\u00e8glement de certains conflits. Mais la volont\u00e9 populaire qui doit r\u00e9gler d\u00e9finitivement des questions \u00e9pineuses avec un simple oui ou non n\u2019est \u00e9videmment pas infaillible. La somme des individus ne forme pas un individu sup\u00e9rieur capable de comprendre tous les enjeux et de r\u00e9pondre de la meilleure fa\u00e7on qui soit. Il arrive parfois que le contexte du vote ait \u00e9t\u00e9 si mauvais que les citoyens n\u2019ont pas su se d\u00e9terminer d\u2019une fa\u00e7on certaine. Les arguments \u00e9taient fallacieux, le but de la votation et ses \u00e9ventuelles cons\u00e9quences ont \u00e9t\u00e9 flous.<\/p>\n<p>La votation ne repr\u00e9sente pas l\u2019alpha et l\u2019om\u00e9ga de la d\u00e9mocratie. D\u2019une part, comme dit plus haut, elle ne peut \u00eatre parfaite, \u00e0 l\u2019image de toutes les formes de gouvernement, et d\u2019autre part il existe d\u2019autres mani\u00e8res d\u2019exister pour la d\u00e9mocratie. Premi\u00e8rement, voter sur un sujet n\u2019est pas forc\u00e9ment d\u00e9mocratique. Nous pouvons encore en discuter mais dans le cas de la Catalogne, qu\u2019est-ce qui est le plus d\u00e9mocratique&nbsp;: les institutions accept\u00e9es par tout un pays puis renouvel\u00e9es durant des ann\u00e9es ou une votation \u00e0 un moment donn\u00e9 dans une r\u00e9gion donn\u00e9e&nbsp;?<\/p>\n<p>Deuxi\u00e8mement, une votation peut \u00eatre demand\u00e9e, contrairement \u00e0 son apparence d\u00e9mocratique, pour troubler la vie politique d\u2019un pays et non r\u00e9soudre ses probl\u00e8mes. Nous pouvons nous rappeler de l\u2019initiative contre l\u2019immigration de masse en Suisse qui, au pr\u00e9texte de vouloir r\u00e9gler le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019immigration, n\u2019avait que pour but de troubler le gouvernement dans son action et pour le parti qui l\u2019avait lanc\u00e9 d\u2019en ressortir plus fort.<\/p>\n<p>Derni\u00e8rement, et d\u2019une mani\u00e8re proche du dernier argument, une votation n\u2019est de loin pas une forme parfaite lorsque les personnes qui les r\u00e9clament ne se pr\u00e9occupent pas des cons\u00e9quences d\u2019une acceptation. Le vote sur le Brexit en est un exemple frappant. Les dirigeants qui lanc\u00e8rent et impos\u00e8rent l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum n\u2019avaient aucune id\u00e9e des cons\u00e9quences de l\u2019acceptation. Et ni personne d\u2019autre d\u2019ailleurs. Ces votations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9es par des personnes qui soit ne savaient pas les cons\u00e9quences de l\u2019acceptation du texte soit l\u2019avaient fait pour qu\u2019il soit volontairement inapplicable et flou afin d\u2019en retirer un gain politique en cas de non mise en \u0153uvre. La consultation n\u2019est donc pas la forme ultime de l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 populaire qui va pouvoir sauver le monde de la dictature.<\/p>\n<p>Certaines r\u00e8gles sont \u00e0 respecter pour qu\u2019une votation ou une \u00e9lection soit valid\u00e9e, garantissant une certaine l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9. Ces r\u00e8gles institutionnelles peuvent, elles aussi au nom de la d\u00e9mocratie, annuler des d\u00e9cisions populaires. Heureusement que le peuple ne peut pas se prononcer n\u2019importe comment. Mais on peut encore se demander si, en Suisse, un contr\u00f4le plus important ne pourrait pas \u00eatre exerc\u00e9 par la justice. Notamment quand une initiative contrevient \u00e0 certains principes de droit ou lorsque l\u2019initiative n\u2019est pas claire dans sa formulation ou dans ses objectifs. La justice, sans forc\u00e9ment emp\u00eacher le peuple de se prononcer, pourrait demander aux initiants de clarifier ou d\u2019expliciter un point de leur texte. Dans le but \u00e9vident que la d\u00e9mocratie puisse vivre sainement en \u00e9vitant des d\u00e9bats st\u00e9riles \u00e0 propos de la question de savoir \u00e0 qui revient la faute d\u2019initiatives populaires non-appliqu\u00e9es.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les Lundis de l&#8217;actualit\u00e9 &#8211; Cl\u00e9ment Guntern Le dimanche 4 novembre et le lundi 5 novembre 2018 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 chacun&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":17555,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[644357279],"tags":[119286966,61440,15010621,2012358,368451],"class_list":["post-17554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-suisse","tag-brexit","tag-democratie","tag-moutier","tag-peuple","tag-votations"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin 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