{"id":18421,"date":"2018-12-22T18:13:03","date_gmt":"2018-12-22T17:13:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/?p=18421"},"modified":"2025-12-13T22:54:31","modified_gmt":"2025-12-13T21:54:31","slug":"midterms-donald-trump-et-la-fin-de-lempire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/policy\/world\/midterms-donald-trump-et-la-fin-de-lempire\/","title":{"rendered":"Midterms, Donald Trump and the end of the empire"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le Regard Libre N\u00b0 45 - Diego Taboada<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mid-term elections in the United States have highlighted the fracture separating two Americas. More generally, the situation in the United States may also reflect the moral erosion of an empire that is steadily losing influence.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

After long, intense weeks of campaigning in the USA, the ballot boxes have spoken. The Democrats have regained control of the House of Representatives (lower house), lost in 2010, but the Senate remains in Republican hands. There were few surprises this time around, unlike the shock of Donald Trump's election two years earlier. Democrats and progressives of all stripes rejoiced in their \u00abvictory\u00bb, which they believe will finally enable them to put the brakes on a president who until then had no real institutional opposition. The question of launching an investigation into Mr. Trump and his relations with Russia finally becomes possible. More symbolically, the media will remember the election of a good number of women, often from ethnic minorities - Native Americans, Muslims or even openly homosexuals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Une polarisation inqui\u00e9tante<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cette situation est-elle vraiment si positive pour les opposants de Trump? Peut-on y voir un d\u00e9saveu massif d\u2019une Am\u00e9rique qui lutte, lass\u00e9e de l\u2019agressivit\u00e9 et des pol\u00e9miques de leur pr\u00e9sident? Bien au contraire. Certes, les r\u00e9publicains ont perdu la \u00ab House \u00bb, mais les d\u00e9mocrates pariaient sur une \u00abvague\u00bb anti-Trump qui n\u2019a pas eu lieu. Le parti pr\u00e9sidentiel a subi un revers, mais c\u2019est une situation habituelle lors de ces \u00e9lections: depuis 1934, seuls les r\u00e9publicains de George Bush n\u2019ont pas perdu lors des \u00e9lections de mi-mandat en 2002, une ann\u00e9e apr\u00e8s les attentats du 11 septembre. C\u2019est donc un r\u00e9sultat qui \u00abnormalise\u00bb le mandat de Donald Trump, plus qu\u2019il n\u2019annonce un rejet massif de sa politique. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par ailleurs, l\u2019entr\u00e9e de d\u00e9mocrates appartenant \u00e0 l\u2019aile gauche du parti et le remplacement de certains d\u00e9put\u00e9s r\u00e9publicains mod\u00e9r\u00e9s par des trumpistes convaincus risquent de cr\u00e9er des probl\u00e8mes dans l\u2019adoption des lois, par l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de trouver des compromis. Pour un pr\u00e9sident qui aime se positionner en victime d\u2019\u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s tout le monde, tout blocage venant de la Chambre des Repr\u00e9sentants seraient une excuse parfaite \u00e0 brandir en cas de revers. Dans la perspective de la pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2020, cette situation est m\u00eame particuli\u00e8rement favorable \u00e0 Donald Trump.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jusqu\u2019alors, le pr\u00e9sident n\u2019a cess\u00e9 de s\u2019octroyer les m\u00e9rites des r\u00e9sultats \u00e9conomiques des Etats-Unis \u2013 un niveau de ch\u00f4mage proche du plein-emploi et une croissance particuli\u00e8rement forte. Or, il est peu probable que les mesures prises par son administration \u2013 baisse massive d\u2019imp\u00f4ts et hausse de la dette publique et du d\u00e9ficit \u2013 soit efficace \u00e0 plus long terme, avec le spectre de l\u2019augmentation des taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 l\u2019horizon. En cas de ralentissement \u00e9conomique, on peut s\u2019attendre \u00e0 ce que M. Trump fasse porter le chapeau \u00e0 ses opposants d\u00e9mocrates, qui auraient du mal \u00e0 se d\u00e9fendre. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il sera d\u2019autant plus difficile pour les d\u00e9mocrates de se rassembler autour d\u2019un leader<\/em>. L\u2019omnipr\u00e9sence d\u2019Obama pendant la campagne l\u2019a montr\u00e9, personne chez les d\u00e9mocrates n\u2019a su prendre la t\u00eate du parti. Et bien que certains jeunes \u00e9l\u00e9ments semblent sortir du lot, comme le texan O\u2019Rourke ou la jeune Ocasio-Cortez \u00e0 New-York, il faudra plus que s\u2019affirmer \u00absocialiste\u00bb pour s\u2019emparer de la Maison-Blanche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019illusion du r\u00eave am\u00e9ricain confirm\u00e9e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mais plus inqui\u00e9tant encore, c\u2019est bien un pays divis\u00e9, qui annonce une d\u00e9cadence entam\u00e9e il y a quelques temps d\u00e9j\u00e0. Cette polarisation politique r\u00e9v\u00e8le surtout un malaise plus profond qui ronge les Etats-Unis. Une fracture entre, d\u2019une part, l\u2019Am\u00e9rique blanche, masculine, touch\u00e9e \u00e9conomiquement et nostalgique de temps r\u00e9volus lors desquels elle \u00e9tait dominante. Le ressentiment de ces nouveaux \u00ablaiss\u00e9s pour compte\u00bb ainsi que leur sentiment d\u2019abandon constitue le terreau sur lequel Trump s\u2019est appuy\u00e9 pour \u00eatre \u00e9lu. De l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, les minorit\u00e9s ethniques, les femmes, dont le principal objectif politique est la lutte contre un pr\u00e9sident qui n\u2019a cess\u00e9 de l\u00e9gitimer les attaques et les humiliations cr\u00e9ant un climat de haine propice \u00e0 toutes sortes de d\u00e9rives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette stigmatisation des \u00e9trangers, de la migration et le cloisonnement social entre en contradiction totale avec ce qui a forg\u00e9 le mythe de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique d\u00e8s le XIXth <\/sup>si\u00e8cle: un pays accueillant, construit sur l\u2019id\u00e9al m\u00e9ritocratique des gens qui seraient jug\u00e9s ind\u00e9pendamment de leur identit\u00e9 ou de leur pass\u00e9 mais qui au contraire pourraient r\u00e9ussir par leur investissement personnel. D\u2019aucuns diront que ce \u00abr\u00eave am\u00e9ricain\u00bb n\u2019a finalement jamais exist\u00e9, et la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 d\u2019hier et d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui confirment bien ces critiques. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La d\u00e9cadence morale d\u2019un empire<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ce paradoxe de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine, les Etats-Unis ont compens\u00e9 leur faiblesse int\u00e9rieure par une pr\u00e9sence h\u00e9g\u00e9monique dans le monde. En un sens, le \u00abr\u00eave\u00bb am\u00e9ricain a \u00e9t\u00e9 assur\u00e9 tout au long du XXth <\/sup>si\u00e8cle et au d\u00e9but du XXIth<\/sup> gr\u00e2ce au rayonnement de sa culture dans le monde et de sa puissance militaire et \u00e9conomique. Aujourd\u2019hui, l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ne repr\u00e9sente plus cette locomotive du monde libre, admir\u00e9e pour sa culture et son syst\u00e8me politique. Cette \u00absoci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique parfaite\u00bb \u00e0 laquelle tout le monde aspire n\u2019est plus attirante. Ce ne sont d\u00e9sormais que des \u00e9chos n\u00e9gatifs qui nous parviennent par la personnalit\u00e9 clivante de M. Trump attisant la haine et les innombrables tueries et drames d\u00e9frayant la chronique. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alors que chaque empire h\u00e9g\u00e9monique s\u2019est effondr\u00e9 au cours de l\u2019histoire au milieu de tensions et de luttes intestines, la polarisation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine est \u00e9galement un signe avant-coureur de la d\u00e9cr\u00e9pitude morale de l\u2019Empire am\u00e9ricain. En effet, alors que les Etats-Unis vivent emp\u00eatr\u00e9s dans leurs probl\u00e8mes, le centre d\u2019influence mondial se d\u00e9place \u00e0 l\u2019est. La Chine est en phase de devenir la prochaine puissance \u00e9conomique du monde. L\u2019empire du milieu se tourne lentement mais s\u00fbrement vers l\u2019Afrique, continent avec un \u00e9norme potentiel d\u00e9laiss\u00e9 par les Etats-Unis ou l\u2019Union Europ\u00e9enne par exemple. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019une des causes profondes de l\u2019\u00e9chec des Etats-Unis r\u00e9side peut-\u00eatre aussi dans une non-acceptation de la nouvelle r\u00e9alit\u00e9 d\u2019un monde o\u00f9 l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ne serait plus h\u00e9g\u00e9monique. Comme le disait Daniel Warner dans nos colonnes<\/a>, le syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectoral am\u00e9ricain du \u00abwinner takes all\u00bb, \u00e0 savoir que le gagnant prend tout, forge les mentalit\u00e9s des Am\u00e9ricains. Et dans un pays dans lequel il n\u2019y a pas de troisi\u00e8me voie possible \u00e0 la victoire ou la d\u00e9faite, reconna\u00eetre que l\u2019on n\u2019est plus dominant est difficile. Voil\u00e0 un travail collectif long et ardu dans la mesure o\u00f9 ce sont les repr\u00e9sentations mentales de toute une nation qui entrent en jeu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Write to the author : diego.taboada@leregardlibre.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Regard Libre N\u00b0 45 – Diego Taboada Les \u00e9lections de mi-mandat aux Etats-Unis ont mis en exergue la fracture…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":333,"featured_media":510261,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[644357281],"tags":[644340699,222633,644340695,189091,644340696,699,644340693,164515,644340697,2900141],"class_list":["post-18421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-monde","tag-chambre-des-representants","tag-decadence","tag-democrates","tag-donald-trump","tag-empire","tag-etats-unis","tag-midterms","tag-morale","tag-polarisation","tag-reve-americain"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMidterms, Donald Trump et la fin de l\u2019empire<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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