{"id":18887,"date":"2019-01-28T20:17:57","date_gmt":"2019-01-28T19:17:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/?p=18887"},"modified":"2026-03-15T10:50:32","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T09:50:32","slug":"la-souverainete-du-venezuela-a-disposer-de-son-peuple","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/policy\/world\/la-souverainete-du-venezuela-a-disposer-de-son-peuple\/","title":{"rendered":"Venezuela's sovereignty over its people"},"content":{"rendered":"

News Mondays - Cl\u00e9ment Guntern<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opponents of Nicolas Maduro's regime have long been waiting for the president of parliament to lead the Venezuelan opposition. He did so in a peculiar way, proclaiming himself interim president of the republic while awaiting new elections. Since then, various countries have taken up positions on this new situation, some calling for President Maduro to step down or for new elections, others for Venezuela's sovereignty to be respected. It's a debate we've heard many times before, between interventionism and sovereignty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Rappelons bri\u00e8vement la situation\ndu pays avant d\u2019aller plus loin. Depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es, le Venezuela est\nsorti de l\u2019euphorie apport\u00e9e par les richesses p\u00e9troli\u00e8res. Les cours mondiaux\nayant diminu\u00e9 pour diverses raisons, l\u2019\u00e9conomie du pays s\u2019est effondr\u00e9e et une\ninflation terrifiante a rendu la vie impossible pour le peuple. Si bien que\nplusieurs millions de V\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9liens ont quitt\u00e9 leur pays tandis que d\u2019autres\nmanifestaient contre le r\u00e9gime devenu bien plus autoritaire. Le pr\u00e9sident Maduro\nest accus\u00e9 de bafouer les droits de l\u2019homme et de tenter de se maintenir au\npouvoir par tous les moyens. Depuis, le pr\u00e9sident du parlement s\u2019est\nauto-proclam\u00e9 pr\u00e9sident et les Occidentaux le soutiennent alors que la Chine,\nla Russie et d\u2019autres, maintiennent leur confiance au pr\u00e9sident en place. Ce\nd\u00e9bat que l\u2019on pourrait croire tr\u00e8s contemporain depuis l\u2019av\u00e8nement des droits\nde l\u2019homme et la d\u00e9mocratie plonge ses racines dans des si\u00e8cles bien\nant\u00e9rieurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les premi\u00e8res controverses sur ce sujet en Europe remontent au XIVth<\/sup> si\u00e8cle lors des guerres de religions, notamment en France. Les penseurs protestants cherchaient alors \u00e0 se d\u00e9fendre, non seulement par les armes mais aussi en justifiant philosophiquement et politiquement leur position. Tr\u00e8s vite, ils se demand\u00e8rent si l\u2019on avait le droit de s\u2019opposer au d\u00e9tenteur de la souverainet\u00e9 si l\u2019on subissait des injustices graves. A l\u2019\u00e9poque, le d\u00e9tenteur de la souverainet\u00e9 \u00e9tait le roi alors que, dans notre cas, c\u2019est le peuple v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien qui la transmet \u00e0 son pr\u00e9sident. Tous les penseurs n\u2019arriv\u00e8rent pas \u00e0 la m\u00eame conclusion. Certains estimaient que si un roi devenait un tyran et que s\u2019il menait des exactions graves contre la foi, il fallait s\u2019adresser \u00e0 ses inf\u00e9rieurs pour mener la r\u00e9sistance car eux aussi \u00e9taient d\u00e9positaires de la souverainet\u00e9. D\u2019autres auteurs all\u00e8rent jusqu\u2019\u00e0 justifier le tyrannicide. En face de ces penseurs, se tenaient les d\u00e9fenseurs de la souverainet\u00e9 absolue comme Martin Luther ou Thomas Hobbes. Ces derniers d\u00e9fendaient que la souverainet\u00e9 venait de Dieu sur le roi et que si on s\u2019opposait au souverain, on s\u2019opposait \u00e0 dieu. Ainsi, tout acte contre le souverain devenait un acte contre l\u2019ordre du monde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les analogies sont parfois p\u00e9rilleuses et il faut les manier avec pr\u00e9caution. Toutefois, nous pouvons tirer de ce bref retour dans l\u2019histoire que la souverainet\u00e9 n\u2019est pas forc\u00e9ment quelque chose d\u2019absolu et que, sous certaines conditions, on peut r\u00e9sister face au d\u00e9tenteur officiel de la souverainet\u00e9 en passant par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire d\u2019autres autorit\u00e9s. Le pr\u00e9sident du parlement constitue l\u2019exemple d\u2019un magistrat capable de mener une r\u00e9sistance. Et lorsqu\u2019un peuple subit des exactions graves contre sa libert\u00e9, il est l\u00e9gitime qu\u2019il se soul\u00e8ve par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire de magistrats internes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il faut cesser de voir la souverainet\u00e9 comme quelque chose de totalement inviolable car, de fait, elle a pu varier durant l\u2019histoire. Certes, pour empi\u00e9ter sur celle des autres, il faut respecter certaines conditions afin que l\u2019intervention reste l\u00e9gitime. Dans le cas du Venezuela, une opposition interne se manifeste depuis longtemps pour r\u00e9clamer des \u00e9lections et le d\u00e9part de Maduro. Le tout, alors que la r\u00e9pression fait rage et que le pouvoir tente par tous les moyens de rester en place. Les prises de position des Occidentaux ne justifient pas les critiques des chefs d\u2019Etats russe et chinois qui sont eux-m\u00eames, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9chelles, des tyrans pour leur peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Write to the author:<\/em>clement.guntern@leregardlibre.com<\/em><\/a> <\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les lundis de l’actualit\u00e9 – Cl\u00e9ment Guntern Les opposants au r\u00e9gime de Nicolas Maduro attendaient depuis longtemps que le pr\u00e9sident…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":18888,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[644357281],"tags":[599730,644340919,2012358,17923],"class_list":["post-18887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-monde","tag-dictature","tag-parlement","tag-peuple","tag-venezuela"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa souverainet\u00e9 du Venezuela \u00e0 disposer de son peuple<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/policy\/world\/la-souverainete-du-venezuela-a-disposer-de-son-peuple\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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