{"id":31138,"date":"2020-02-03T19:45:31","date_gmt":"2020-02-03T18:45:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/?p=31138"},"modified":"2025-12-13T22:53:56","modified_gmt":"2025-12-13T21:53:56","slug":"lautorite-des-democraties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/policy\/world\/lautorite-des-democraties\/","title":{"rendered":"The authority of democracies"},"content":{"rendered":"

News Mondays - Cl\u00e9ment Guntern<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

China really is another world. A few weeks ago, we learned of the existence of a city and region previously unknown to the general public, with more inhabitants than Switzerland. Every day, we see images of huge empty cities, almost at a standstill. And what about this hospital, built in ten days? The ballet of hundreds of machines, thousands of workers, police and doctors, all working to combat the epidemic, is certainly impressive. What's certain is that we could never do that here at home. Not in a democracy. China, on the other hand, is efficient!<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

A premi\u00e8re vue, un r\u00e9gime autoritaire est \u00e9videmment plus prompt \u00e0 prendre les mesures les plus radicales pour endiguer une maladie comme le coronavirus. Mais est-ce que nos pauvres d\u00e9mocraties sont condamn\u00e9es \u00e0 \u00eatre en tout point inf\u00e9rieures au mod\u00e8le autoritaire de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 promue par la Chine communiste? La d\u00e9mocratie serait-elle inf\u00e9rieure au mod\u00e8le autoritaire et incapable de r\u00e9agir en temps de crise?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’autorit\u00e9 n\u2019est pas l\u2019apanage de l’autoritarisme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

On aurait tort de le penser, car la d\u00e9mocratie, sous toutes ses formes et depuis des si\u00e8cles, a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des parades pour garantir sa survie. Cependant, ces instruments ne sont pas forc\u00e9ment mis en avant avec fiert\u00e9. On les cache dans un coin pour le jour o\u00f9 ils serviront, comme un extincteur dans une maison. Ces parades s\u2019appellent notamment \u00ab\u00e9tat d\u2019urgence\u00bb et \u00abraison d\u2019Etat\u00bb, certes pas forc\u00e9ment propres aux d\u00e9mocraties mais qui la servent pourtant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces deux id\u00e9es permettent\nde justifier, pour une dur\u00e9e limit\u00e9e, que les principes d\u00e9mocratiques soient\nlaiss\u00e9s de c\u00f4t\u00e9 lorsque la survie de la R\u00e9publique se trouve en danger. Ce fut\nle cas des Etats-Unis apr\u00e8s le 11 septembre, qui ont pu mettre en place des\nmesures extraordinaires : moyens de lutte contre le terrorisme intrusifs,\nprison sp\u00e9ciale \u00e0 Guantanamo et guerre en Afghanistan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plus pr\u00e8s de nous, on\npeut penser \u00e0 l\u2019exemple de la France apr\u00e8s les attentats et de Fran\u00e7ois\nHollande qui a admis avoir autoris\u00e9 plus de quarante assassinats \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger\nau nom de la R\u00e9publique. Plus loin dans le temps, la R\u00e9publique romaine comptait\nses dictateurs, \u00e0 l\u2019instar d\u2019un Camille qui exer\u00e7a cette fonction cinq fois et\nqui toujours la rendit lorsque l\u2019urgence \u00e9tait pass\u00e9e. Les exemples foisonnent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plus ou moins efficaces,\nces mesures prises dans un \u00e9tat d\u2019exception poss\u00e8dent en elles le risque de\nperdurer ou de donner des ailes \u00e0 des agents de l\u2019Etat parfois \u00e0 la limite de\ncriminels. Une d\u00e9mocratie, \u00e7a sait \u00eatre fort. Elle poss\u00e8de peut-\u00eatre une\ncapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019unir de fa\u00e7on bien plus puissante quand elle est menac\u00e9e. Lorsque\nles libert\u00e9s acquises sont mises en danger, l\u2019union est d\u2019autant plus forte.\nL\u2019exemple le plus fameux est le Royaume-Uni qui, lors de l\u2019effondrement de la\nquasi-totalit\u00e9 des d\u00e9mocraties d\u2019Europe, a su r\u00e9sister et finalement vaincre\nl\u2019Allemagne nazie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La dictature n’est pas si efficace qu’on dit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Et en m\u00eame temps, un r\u00e9gime autoritaire, derri\u00e8re son apparence d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u2013 c\u2019est ce qu\u2019il veut montrer \u2013 n\u2019est pas exempt de failles. Le contr\u00f4le souhait\u00e9 comme absolu sur toutes choses \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieure des limites de la nation n\u2019est pas moins inefficace. La pression de la hi\u00e9rarchie pour obtenir des r\u00e9sultats est beaucoup plus forte. Elle n\u2019incite pas \u00e0 annoncer des \u00e9checs, car le propre d\u2019un r\u00e9gime autoritaire est qu\u2019il poss\u00e8de un pouvoir total sur son territoire. L\u2019alerte concernant le coronavirus n\u2019a certainement pas \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9e imm\u00e9diatement, parce que les dirigeants locaux font face \u00e0 des pressions d\u2019ordre \u00e9conomique et politique. Ces derniers ont, dans un premier temps, tent\u00e9 de minimiser le virus au risque de porter atteinte \u00e0 la lutte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019image du pays \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre est \u00e9galement importante. Si l\u2019on n\u2019arrive pas \u00e0 contenir l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie, l\u2019image nationale et celle du r\u00e9gime seront \u00e9corn\u00e9es, \u00e0 l\u2019international mais aussi \u00e0 l\u2019interne. Alors, les mesures prises doivent \u00eatre impressionnantes; mais pas forc\u00e9ment efficaces. Esp\u00e9rons toutefois que la lutte contre cette \u00e9pid\u00e9mie puisse prot\u00e9ger le plus grand nombre et particuli\u00e8rement les pays les moins arm\u00e9s dans ce combat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Write to the author: clement.guntern@leregardlibre.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cr\u00e9dit photo: Official White House Photo by Lawrence Jackson <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Authoritarianism is not effective.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":31141,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[644357281],"tags":[9472,2654963,494647,644344220,61440,109613,810637,644344227,644344224,644344223,25921],"class_list":["post-31138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-monde","tag-analyses","tag-autoritarisme","tag-autorite","tag-cornoravirus","tag-democratie","tag-force","tag-francois-hollande","tag-mesures-exceptionnelles","tag-regime-democratique","tag-regime-dictatorial","tag-sante"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019autorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9mocraties<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/policy\/world\/lautorite-des-democraties\/\" 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