{"id":34831,"date":"2020-07-07T18:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-07-07T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/?p=34831"},"modified":"2022-09-25T16:14:34","modified_gmt":"2022-09-25T14:14:34","slug":"entrer-a-kaboul-sur-des-cerfs-volants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/literature\/entrer-a-kaboul-sur-des-cerfs-volants\/","title":{"rendered":"Entering Kabul on kites"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tuesday's books - Diana-Alice Ramsauer<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Kabul Kites<\/em>, the life and tragedy of Amir, a little boy from a middle-class family in Kabul, is an illuminating allegory of the war in Afghanistan. But make no mistake, it would be an exaggeration to call this a political book. What we have here is a carefully scripted novel that can be read - as its success testifies - on a chaise longue. All in all, an enjoyable book for the general public. What's in it for you? It may well awaken in those who read it some interest in a geopolitical history that is not yet over, and in which the West is still embroiled.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Amir, le personnage principal, est un petit gar\u00e7on r\u00eaveur de l\u2019ethnie pachtoune, majoritaire en Afghanistan. Il joue toute la journ\u00e9e avec Hassan, le fils du domestique, un Hazara \u2013 une ethnie minoritaire pers\u00e9cut\u00e9e. Amir est un po\u00e8te, ce qui lui vaudra quelques regards de d\u00e9dain de son p\u00e8re. Celui-ci aurait pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 un fils droit et courageux comme Hassan, qui manie le lance-pierre avec brio. Une concurrence entre les deux gar\u00e7ons pour plaire \u00e0 ce p\u00e8re, un personnage qui vaut le d\u00e9tour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au volant de sa Ford Mustang dans les rues de Kaboul, il abhorre la religion. \u00abJe pisse \u00e0 la barbe de ces singes imbus de leur d\u00e9votion\u00bb, d\u00e9clare-t-il un jour en se servant un whisky. Il est le reflet d\u2019un Afghanistan que l\u2019on pourrait appeler \u00abprogressiste\u00bb. L\u2019Afghanistan d\u2019avant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre, un Afghanistan qui attirait les hippies europ\u00e9ens, un Afghanistan riche et fier. Mais \u00e9galement un Afghanistan qui oubliera de nombreuses parties du pays, plus traditionalistes. Un Afghanistan o\u00f9 bouillonne une insatisfaction grandissante au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es septante. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des cerfs-volants \u00e0 la guerre<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00e8s rapidement, l\u2019auteur, Khaled Hosseini, nous fait comprendre qu\u2019un \u00e9v\u00e9nement majeur, bouleversant pour Amir, va survenir. Cet hiver 1975 marque effectivement sa vie \u00e0 jamais. Des enfants vont commettre un acte des plus cruels apr\u00e8s une bataille de cerfs-volants. Et Amir devra vivre avec ce souvenir sans savoir comment se racheter. \u00abSe racheter\u00bb, un mot qui appara\u00eet tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t dans le livre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette horreur v\u00e9cue, l\u2019auteur la place en parall\u00e8le \u00e9troit avec une succession d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nements politiques qui ont men\u00e9 \u00e0 la guerre en 1979, soit le renversement du roi Mohammad Zaher Shah par son cousin et ancien Premier Ministre Mohammad Daoud Khan, qui instaure la r\u00e9publique avec l\u2019aide des Sovi\u00e9tiques. Avant que la premi\u00e8re r\u00e9volte islamique n\u2019\u00e9clate et que le r\u00e9gime ne soit \u00e0 nouveau \u00e9branl\u00e9, faisant basculer le pays dans une guerre entre moudjahidines<\/em> (soutenus par les USA) et communistes (soutenus par l\u2019URSS). La trag\u00e9die du pays est ainsi repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par celle v\u00e9cue par Amir au plus profond de ses entrailles. Un parfait exemple de r\u00e9cit usant d\u2019un destin individuel comme m\u00e9taphore d\u2019une probl\u00e9matique plus globale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette guerre, le gar\u00e7on devenu jeune homme et son p\u00e8re vont devoir la fuir. \u00abPour moi, les Etats-Unis repr\u00e9sentaient un pays o\u00f9 enterrer mes souvenirs\u00bb, esp\u00e8re Amir. Ce sera \u00e9videmment compl\u00e8tement illusoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un monstre de culpabilit\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Lorsqu\u2019un sentiment parcourt l\u2019entier d\u2019un ouvrage, il n\u2019est plus exag\u00e9r\u00e9 de le consid\u00e9rer comme un personnage. C\u2019est le cas ici avec la culpabilit\u00e9. Amir tra\u00eene le poids de ne pas avoir pu aider son ami Hassan au moment o\u00f9 il en aurait eu le plus besoin. \u00ab[Hassan] se trompait. Il y avait bien un monstre, qui l\u2019avait saisi par les chevilles pour l\u2019entrainer vers les noires profondeurs du lac. Moi. Ce fut cette nuit-l\u00e0 que je devins insomniaque.\u00bb Amir, un monstre qui pleure d\u2019avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00e2che en tant qu\u2019enfant; un adulte qui se morfond d\u2019avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aux Etats-Unis quand ses serviteurs et amis se faisaient massacrer; un humain d\u00e9sempar\u00e9 qui regrette d\u2019avoir ferm\u00e9 les yeux lorsque des actes terribles se d\u00e9roulaient en face de lui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour se laver de la culpabilit\u00e9, Amir devra donc retourner en Afghanistan. D\u2019un point de vue historique, \u00e0 ce moment du r\u00e9cit le r\u00e9gime communiste a \u00e9t\u00e9 renvers\u00e9 et les soldats sovi\u00e9tiques s\u2019en vont (en 1989). Les \u00abgagnants\u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les moudjahidines<\/em>, se livrent alors \u00e0 une lutte interne et assassine. Le pays tombe dans une guerre civile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Superman \u00e0 Hollywood<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est \u00e0 cet instant, lorsqu\u2019Amir retourne en Afghanistan, que le roman perd certainement de sa subtilit\u00e9. D\u2019un antih\u00e9ros, miroir de la fragilit\u00e9 de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 en p\u00e9riode de guerre, Amir devient un superh\u00e9ros \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9ricaine. Peut-\u00eatre a-t-on voulu filer la m\u00e9taphore jusqu\u2019\u00e0 son paroxysme: Amir, touchant le sol de la Californie, devient ce que l\u2019Am\u00e9rique a toujours tent\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre: une sauveuse de l\u2019Afghanistan; oubliant que nul pays n\u2019a de super-pouvoirs, m\u00eame face \u00e0 \u00abl\u2019axe du mal\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons\u00e9quence, apr\u00e8s qu\u2019Amir a laiss\u00e9 commettre des actes terribles dans son pays d\u2019origine, tout comme l\u2019Am\u00e9rique a financ\u00e9 des massacres \u00e0 l\u2019autre bout du monde, il revient, au lendemain du 11 septembre 2001, pour laver ses p\u00e9ch\u00e9s. Il retrouve alors un Kaboul d\u00e9vast\u00e9 par les talibans. Des combattants de la foi tout d\u2019abord n\u00e9anmoins accueillis \u00e0 bras ouverts par les Afghans, comme l\u2019explique un vieil ami d\u2019Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abQuand les talibans ont d\u00e9barqu\u00e9 et ont repouss\u00e9 l\u2019Alliance (ndlr: les <\/em>moudjahidines)<\/em> hors de Kaboul, j\u2019ai dans\u00e9 dans cette rue, me confessa Rahim khan. Et, crois-moi, je n\u2019\u00e9tais pas le seul. Dans les quartiers de Chaman et Deh-Mazang, les gens se r\u00e9jouissaient et sortaient de chez eux pour les accueillir, ils escaladaient leurs tanks et se prenaient en photo \u00e0 leurs c\u00f4t\u00e9s. Tous \u00e9taient si fatigu\u00e9s des combats incessants, des missiles, des coups de feu, des explosions. Ils en avaient plus qu\u2019assez de Gulbuddin et de ses hommes qui tiraient sur tout ce qui bougeait. L\u2019Alliance a caus\u00e9 plus de d\u00e9g\u00e2ts \u00e0 Kaboul que le Shorawi<\/em> (ndlr: les Sovi\u00e9tiques).\u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Des m\u00e9chants et des gentils<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mais c\u2019est bien contre un taliban qu\u2019Amir va se battre pour soigner sa mauvaise conscience. Un taliban \u00e0 moiti\u00e9 allemand, \u00e0 moiti\u00e9 afghan, qui porte certes des lunettes \u00e0 la John Lennon, mais surtout un taliban qui loue l\u2019id\u00e9ologie d\u2019Hitler. Probablement une mani\u00e8re de souligner qu\u2019il y a des gentils et des m\u00e9chants dans toute cette histoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kabul Kites<\/em> est bel et bien un livre qui tente de montrer la complexit\u00e9 du monde. Son d\u00e9nouement doux-amer en t\u00e9moigne. Il ne r\u00e9siste pourtant pas \u00e0 tomber dans certains clich\u00e9s. Et c\u2019est cela qui ne fait pas de ce roman un texte engag\u00e9 ou politique, mais bien un conte grand public. Il reste dans tous les cas une belle porte d\u2019entr\u00e9e dans cette histoire afghane. Et les personnes qui auront tourn\u00e9 les derni\u00e8res pages du bouquin pourraient bien \u00eatre tent\u00e9es de d\u00e9passer le hall d\u2019entr\u00e9e pour en savoir plus. On ne peut que les y encourager.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Write to the author: daramsauer@gmail.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cr\u00e9dit photo: \u00a9 Wikimedia Commons\/U.S. Department of Defense Current Photos<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>
\n

Khaled Hosseini<\/strong>
Kabul Kites<\/em><\/strong>
Traduction de Val\u00e9rie Bourgeois<\/strong>
Editions Belfond<\/strong>
2005<\/strong>
383 pages<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
buy<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A tale of world complexity<\/p>","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":34842,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20663],"tags":[4338,219270,54879,644352160,644352166],"class_list":["post-34831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-litterature","tag-afghanistan","tag-conte","tag-critiques-litteraires","tag-kaboul","tag-khaled-hosseini"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEntrer \u00e0 Kaboul sur des cerfs-volants<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/literature\/entrer-a-kaboul-sur-des-cerfs-volants\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Entrer \u00e0 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