{"id":439,"date":"2015-08-04T19:42:44","date_gmt":"2015-08-04T18:42:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/?p=439"},"modified":"2025-11-08T13:23:31","modified_gmt":"2025-11-08T12:23:31","slug":"frederic-gard-1767-1848","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/history\/frederic-gard-1767-1848\/","title":{"rendered":"Two hundred years ago: Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Gard (1767-1848)"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019histoire, selon Nietzsche, s\u2019arr\u00eate pour bien des hommes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de leur grand-p\u00e8re. En cette ann\u00e9e o\u00f9 nous f\u00eatons le bicentenaire de l\u2019entr\u00e9e du Valais dans la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration, ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9moire et d\u2019identit\u00e9, il me semble de mon devoir de rendre honneur \u00e0 un anc\u00eatre, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Gard, qui, d\u00e9put\u00e9 du dizain d\u2019Entremont, avait vot\u00e9 l\u2019union du Valais avec la Suisse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9 en 1767 dans une dynastie de notaires bagnards, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Gard sert d\u2019abord en tant que capitaine au service d\u2019Espagne, avant d\u2019occuper la charge f\u00e9odale de banneret et capitaine d\u2019Entremont.[1]<\/a> A l\u2019\u00e9vidence, l\u2019engouement pour les id\u00e9es lib\u00e9rales le saisit assez rapidement, puisqu\u2019il prend d\u00e9j\u00e0 part \u00e0 la r\u00e9volution bas-valaisanne de 1798 en tant que membre du comit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des communes du Bas-Valais (gouvernement ind\u00e9pendant[2]<\/a>)[3]<\/a>. Qui plus est, son fr\u00e8re, le docteur et chevalier Arnold Gard, connu pour avoir introduit la vaccination en Valais[4]<\/a>, \u00e9pousera une ni\u00e8ce du grand-bailli de Rivaz[5]<\/a>, acteur majeur et parfois infortun\u00e9 de cette p\u00e9riode r\u00e9volutionnaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans les ann\u00e9es qui suivent, le capitaine Gard soutient Napol\u00e9on, lui offre cinq cents hommes, devient \u00abcenturion d\u2019Entremont\u00bb, change de camp et profite des ennuis du clerg\u00e9 pour acheter en 1810 l\u2019Abbaye du Ch\u00e2ble, r\u00e9sidence bagnarde de l\u2019abb\u00e9 de Saint-Maurice, dont il devient le premier propri\u00e9taire la\u00efque[6]<\/a>. Selon la l\u00e9gende, l\u2019abb\u00e9 a d\u2019ailleurs menac\u00e9 d\u2019excommunication quiconque oserait acqu\u00e9rir sa demeure, mais c\u2019en est peu pour effrayer Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Gard qui, franc-ma\u00e7on depuis 1803, est de toute mani\u00e8re excommuni\u00e9 de facto<\/em> depuis longtemps. C\u2019est cette maison qui passera plus tard dans la famille de Maurice Troillet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Read also | Philippe Bender: \u00abMy values? Freedom, democracy, nation\u00bb.\u00bb<\/a><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9faite de Napol\u00e9on et la disparition du d\u00e9partement du Simplon en 1814, c\u2019est en tant que pr\u00e9sident et d\u00e9put\u00e9 du dizain d\u2019Entremont que Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Gard prend part \u00e0 la di\u00e8te extraordinaire du 30 mai au 1er<\/sup> juin de la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, celle-l\u00e0 m\u00eame qui vote l\u2019entr\u00e9e du Valais dans la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration, effective le 4 ao\u00fbt 1815[7]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re politique ne s\u2019arr\u00eate pourtant pas l\u00e0, puisqu\u2019il acc\u00e8de ensuite aux charges de pr\u00e9fet et grand-ch\u00e2telain d\u2019Entremont et qu\u2019il est encore d\u00e9put\u00e9 au Grand Conseil \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque du Sonderbund, juste avant sa mort en 1848. Toutefois, apr\u00e8s l\u2019union du Valais avec la Suisse, c\u2019est surtout son fils, Louis Gard, fameux pour ses chansons satiriques, qui marquera l\u2019opinion publique en Valais. D\u00e9put\u00e9 \u00e0 la Constituante de 1839 et au premier Grand-Conseil en 1840, cet anticl\u00e9rical mazzinien sera l\u2019un des fondateurs de la Jeune Suisse valaisanne en 1835[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Issu d\u2019une famille patricienne, h\u00e9ritier de charges f\u00e9odales, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Gard fait donc partie de ces personnalit\u00e9s influentes et atypiques qui, pouss\u00e9es par leurs convictions progressistes, ont montr\u00e9 la voie aux Jeunes Suisses et \u00e0 l\u2019ouverture du canton. A l\u2019heure o\u00f9 le Valais f\u00eate son entr\u00e9e dans la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration, il convient de f\u00eater \u00e9galement ceux qui, durant une \u00e9poque troubl\u00e9e, ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 forger l\u2019identit\u00e9 d\u2019un Valais plus moderne, plus suisse en somme. Et d\u2019en \u00eatre fiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sources:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pour les dates et les fonctions: notices sur Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric et Louis Gard in Familles de Bagnes, du XIIe au XXe si\u00e8cle<\/em>, \u00e9dit\u00e9 par la Commune de Bagnes et le CREPA, 2005. Tome III, p.223-225<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biollay, Emile: \u00abDes treize cantons du d\u00e9partement aux treize dizains du canton\u00bb, dans Annales Valaisannes<\/em>, 1965<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dictionnaires Historique de la Suisse<\/em> (en ligne): article \u00abGard\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Familles de Bagnes, du XIIe au XXe si\u00e8cle<\/em>, \u00e9dit\u00e9 par la Commune de Bagnes et le CREPA, 2005. Tome III, p.224<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vs.ch\/encyclo\/navig.asp?mnu=know&idRubrique=902&idLangue=1<\/a> Consult\u00e9 le 2 ao\u00fbt 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Donnet, Andr\u00e9: La R\u00e9volution valaisanne de 1798<\/em>, 1984, p. 155 in Bibliotheca Valesiana<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.wikivalais.ch\/index.php\/Population_au_XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle<\/a> Consult\u00e9 le 2 ao\u00fbt 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Donnet, Andr\u00e9 : Etienne-Louis Macognin de la Pierre (1731-1793), sa famille et ses constructions de Saint-Maurice<\/em> in Vallesia<\/em>, p. 242, 1959 (consult\u00e9 sur http:\/\/doc.rero.ch<\/a> le 2 ao\u00fbt 2015)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Familles de Bagnes, du XIIe au XXe si\u00e8cle<\/em>, \u00e9dit\u00e9 par la Commune de Bagnes et le CREPA, 2005. Tome III, p.224<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/www.valais.ch\/fr\/information\/landingpage\/valais-2015\/dates-historiques<\/a> Consult\u00e9 le 2 ao\u00fbt 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.wikivalais.ch\/index.php\/Chronologie_du_Valais_-_XIXe_si%C3%A8cle<\/a> Consult\u00e9 le 2 ao\u00fbt 2015<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019histoire, selon Nietzsche, s\u2019arr\u00eate pour bien des hommes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de leur grand-p\u00e8re. 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