{"id":516997,"date":"2023-03-19T12:09:12","date_gmt":"2023-03-19T11:09:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/?p=516997"},"modified":"2026-03-18T10:41:23","modified_gmt":"2026-03-18T09:41:23","slug":"how-to-reconcile-liberalism-and-education-by-olivier-massin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/philosophie\/comment-concilier-liberalisme-et-education-par-olivier-massin\/","title":{"rendered":"How to reconcile liberalism and education, by Olivier Massin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-drop-cap\"><strong>On Saturday, at the Journ\u00e9e lib\u00e9rale romande co-organized by <em>Le Regard Libre<\/em>, Olivier Massin, Director of the Institute of Philosophy at the University of Neuch\u00e2tel, showed what kind of liberalism it is wise to defend if we value the idea of education. Striking.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>It's worth posing problems clearly and unambiguously if we are to make progress in our thinking. The one posed on Saturday by Olivier Massin, Director of the Institute of Philosophy at the University of Neuch\u00e2tel, on the occasion of the Journ\u00e9e lib\u00e9rale romande*, is the following: liberalism and education seem incompatible. Indeed, if we assume that liberalism is opposed to paternalism (defined as the attitude of restricting the freedom of others), and if we assume that all education implies a certain paternalism, a liberal cannot consistently accept the very idea of education. As a good philosopher, we know that there are no thirty-six thousand ways of avoiding a conclusion,\u00ab pointed out Olivier Massin in Lausanne. Either you reject the first premise, or the second.\u00bb The professor's entire lecture then consisted in asking which premise it was possible to reject.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The speaker's first attempt was to challenge the second premise: no, education does not imply paternalism. Or, put more humbly, it is possible to educate without paternalism, i.e., without constraint on those being educated, those who educate or those who pay those who educate. This vision, which can be traced back to Rousseau, presupposes the idea of libertarian education, where the child is <em>roughly speaking<\/em> left to his own devices. And yet, it seems foolish to conceive of any kind of education in which there would be no constraints: is simply observing a child running around and eating the flowers he wants still education? No. The libertarian answer therefore seems to conceal a soft paternalism, which forces us to return to the premise that educating implies a certain paternalism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-distinguer-enfants-et-adultes\">Distinguishing between children and adults<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A more reasonable solution would be to reconsider the first premise (we should not be paternalistic). Olivier Massin proposed rephrasing it as follows: we should not be paternalistic <em>to non-consenting adults<\/em>. The conclusion is that non-consenting adults should not be educated. This approach has the advantage of allowing for the education of both children and adults who, by signing a contract, accept certain constraints \u2013 typically by enrolling in university. We are justified in supporting this new premise by considering \u2013 as Aristotle already did \u2013 that the child has a vague moral and legal status. He's somewhere between a stone and a person,\u00ab said the speaker, with a touch of provocation. In any case, he doesn't have the responsibility of an adult, who has rights that the child doesn't have. And he has a right that the adult does not have, a kind of <em>right to be educated<\/em>.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Read also | <a href=\"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/history\/left-and-right-according-to-olivier-meuwly\/\">Olivier Meuwly on positive rights (\u00abrights to\u00bb) taking precedence over negative rights (\u00abrights to\u00bb)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Who is responsible for educating children? The state? First of all, it's the parents. Their responsibility to educate stems from their choice to have children. But <em>quid<\/em> children whose parents can't educate them \u2013 because they're dead, absent, physically or mentally restricted? One possible answer is that there are tragic situations, and that the existence of tragic situations does not oblige us in any way. The other answer is that it seems acceptable to force all individuals to pay for the cost of this education, and then to let this education be provided by people who are paid in this way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vers-un-liberalisme-empiriste-conservateur\">Towards an empiricist, conservative liberalism<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Liberals are particularly wary of this, Olivier Massin pointed out: they are aware of all the potential abuses that can occur when this money is left in the hands of just a few. This is where liberals must choose sides\u2014and this is where the professor\u2019s presentation most resonated with the audience. The professor argued that when the public education system works well, it doesn\u2019t seem reasonable to change it. This is a typically conservative argument, because it is no longer based solely on principle but relies on the value of existing solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hume had pointed out the need to reconcile the two theories attributed to Locke, of whom he was a pupil: liberalism and empiricism. The liberal empiricist does not simply deduce principles from natural rights, in a purely formal way, but takes into account what exists, the state of the world. His ideas may be universally valid, but they're not the only ones. <em>pro tanto<\/em> (\u00aball other things being equal\u00bb). In this respect, the empiricist liberals (Smith, Tocqueville, Hayek, etc.), whose significance Olivier Massin highlights, differ from the rationalist liberals (Locke, Bastiat, Rothbard, etc.) and align more closely with the conservatives (Hume, Burke, Scruton, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-lire-aussi-jonas-follonier-comment-ne-pas-etre-conservateur-liberal-socialiste\"><strong>Read also | <a href=\"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/policy\/comment-ne-pas-etre-conservateur-liberal-socialiste%ef%bf%bc\/\">Jonas Follonier: How can you not be a conservative-liberal-socialist?<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>It remains to be clarified, as Mill points out, that while education can be mandated, its content cannot. Examples of state absurdity are currently legion. We could, however, at least agree on certain essential services, regardless of the school. According to the professor, it is not unreasonable to argue that a publicly funded education should necessarily include instruction in writing, reading, and arithmetic, as well as the transmission of local knowledge, starting with the country\u2019s language. It should also respect and promote certain values, such as freedom of expression, equal rights, and pluralism. That\u2019s a fine liberal-conservative agenda\u2014one that would apply to the media as well! Thank you, Olivier Massin. And may the discussion continue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>*Liberal Day 2023 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.libinst.ch\/?i=events--fr#liberte-formation\">\u00abTraining and freedom: contemporary challenges\u00bb<\/a> was organized by the Institut lib\u00e9ral, Cercle d\u00e9mocratique and Le Regard Libre.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On Saturday, at the Journ\u00e9e lib\u00e9rale romande co-organized by Le Regard Libre, Olivier Massin, Director of the Institute of Philosophy at the University of Neuch\u00e2tel, showed what kind of liberalism it is wise to defend if you value the idea of education. Striking.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":138,"featured_media":517015,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11566],"tags":[644357224,453465,1342,644352244,33225,644358435,644358442],"class_list":["post-516997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-philosophie","tag-tocqueville","tag-conservatisme","tag-education","tag-institut-liberal","tag-liberalisme","tag-olivier-massin","tag-roger-scruton"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.3 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Comment concilier lib\u00e9ralisme et \u00e9ducation, d\u2019apr\u00e8s Olivier Massin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le philosophe Olivier Massin a montr\u00e9 quel genre de lib\u00e9ralisme il est sage de d\u00e9fendre si l&#039;on tient \u00e0 l&#039;id\u00e9e d&#039;\u00e9ducation. 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