{"id":530234,"date":"2025-12-11T07:13:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T06:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/?p=530234"},"modified":"2026-02-10T14:05:22","modified_gmt":"2026-02-10T13:05:22","slug":"democracy-switzerland-enemies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/","title":{"rendered":"Democracy and its enemies"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='content_excerpt'>\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\"><strong>Since the French Revolution, democracy has often been contested in its representative form, and has never completely erased the authoritarian aspirations of certain schools of thought. Yet direct democracy has not escaped criticism.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n (more...)\n    <div class='restricted_content_fade'><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <style>\n    .content_excerpt{\n      position: relative;\n    }\n    .content_excerpt .restricted_content_fade{\n      position: absolute;\n      bottom: 0;\n      left: 0;\n      right: 0;\n      height: 75px;\n\t  margin-bottom: 0px;\n      background-image: linear-gradient(#ffffff2e, white);\n    }\n\n    .restricted_content{\n      margin-top: 30px;\n      border: solid #dddddd 1px;\n      border-radius: 7px;\n      padding: 30px;\n    }\n    \n    .restricted_content .restricted_content_title{\n      font-size: 22px;\n      font-weight: 600;\n    }\n    .restricted_content .restricted_content_flex_row{\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: row;\n    }\n    .restricted_content .restricted_content_image_container{\n      flex: 3;\n    }\n    .restricted_content .restricted_content_flex_column{\n      flex: 4;\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      margin-left: 40px;\n      justify-content: center;\n    }\n\n\n    .restricted_content_buttons{\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      width: min-content;\n    }\n    .restricted_content_button{\n      background-color: #f2f2f2;\n      text-transform: uppercase;\n      font-weight: 600;\n      padding: 8px 40px;\n      text-align: center;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      margin-top: 10px;\n      width: max-content;\n      width: 100%;\n      white-space: nowrap;\n    }\n    .restricted_content_button:hover {\n      background-color: #111111;\n      color: white;\n      text-decoration: none !important;\n    }\n\n    .restricted_content_primary_button{\n      background-color: #1F2A68 !important;\n      color: white !important;\n    }\n    .restricted_content_primary_button:hover {\n      background-color: #111111;\n    }\n\n    .restricted_content_text{\n      margin-bottom: 10px;\n      line-height: 1.2;\n      font-weight: 500;\n      font-size: 16px;\n    }\n\n  \n  <\/style>\n  <div class='restricted_content'>\n    <h3 class='restricted_content_title'>This content is reserved for our subscribers.<\/h3>\n    <div class='restricted_content_flex_row'>\n      <div class='restricted_content_image_container'>\n        <img class='restricted_content_image' src='\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/abo_physique.png' \/>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class='restricted_content_flex_column'>\n        <div class='restricted_content_text'>If you have an account, please log in. Otherwise, discover our different subscription packages and create an account from CHF 2.50 for the first month.<\/div>\n        <div class='restricted_content_buttons'>\n          <a href='\/en\/subscription\/' class='restricted_content_button restricted_content_primary_button'>See subscriptions<\/a><a href='\/en\/my-account\/?redirect_to=https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/'class='restricted_content_button'>Login<\/a><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class='content_excerpt'>\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\"><strong>Since the French Revolution, democracy has often been contested in its representative form, and has never completely erased the authoritarian aspirations of certain schools of thought. Yet direct democracy has not escaped criticism.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> (more...)<\/p>\n<div class='restricted_content_fade'><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<style>\n    .content_excerpt{\n      position: relative;\n    }\n    .content_excerpt .restricted_content_fade{\n      position: absolute;\n      bottom: 0;\n      left: 0;\n      right: 0;\n      height: 75px;\n\t  margin-bottom: 0px;\n      background-image: linear-gradient(#ffffff2e, white);\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    .restricted_content{\n      margin-top: 30px;\n      border: solid #dddddd 1px;\n      border-radius: 7px;\n      padding: 30px;\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    .restricted_content .restricted_content_title{\n      font-size: 22px;\n      font-weight: 600;\n    }\n    .restricted_content .restricted_content_flex_row{\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: row;\n    }\n    .restricted_content .restricted_content_image_container{\n      flex: 3;\n    }\n    .restricted_content .restricted_content_flex_column{\n      flex: 4;\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      margin-left: 40px;\n      justify-content: center;\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    .restricted_content_buttons{\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      width: min-content;\n    }\n    .restricted_content_button{\n      background-color: #f2f2f2;\n      text-transform: uppercase;\n      font-weight: 600;\n      padding: 8px 40px;\n      text-align: center;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      margin-top: 10px;\n      width: max-content;\n      width: 100%;\n      white-space: nowrap;\n    }\n    .restricted_content_button:hover {\n      background-color: #111111;\n      color: white;\n      text-decoration: none !important;\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    .restricted_content_primary_button{\n      background-color: #1F2A68 !important;\n      color: white !important;\n    }\n    .restricted_content_primary_button:hover {\n      background-color: #111111;\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    .restricted_content_text{\n      margin-bottom: 10px;\n      line-height: 1.2;\n      font-weight: 500;\n      font-size: 16px;\n    }<\/p>\n<\/style>\n<div class='restricted_content'>\n<h3 class='restricted_content_title'>This content is reserved for our subscribers.<\/h3>\n<div class='restricted_content_flex_row'>\n<div class='restricted_content_image_container'>\n        <img class='restricted_content_image' src='\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/abo_physique.png' \/>\n      <\/div>\n<div class='restricted_content_flex_column'>\n<div class='restricted_content_text'>If you have an account, log in. If not, check out our different subscription plans and create an account starting at CHF 2.50 for the first month.<\/div>\n<div class='restricted_content_buttons'>\n          <a href='\/en\/subscription\/' class='restricted_content_button restricted_content_primary_button'>See subscriptions<\/a><a href='\/en\/my-account\/?redirect_to=https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/'class='restricted_content_button'>Login<\/a><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":530235,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27785],"tags":[644340978,61440,526965,644358508,644340919],"class_list":["post-530234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histoire","tag-anarchisme","tag-democratie","tag-democratie-directe","tag-dossier-critiques-de-la-democratie","tag-parlement","membership-content","access-restricted"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La d\u00e9mocratie et ses ennemis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Repr\u00e9sentative ou directe, la d\u00e9mocratie fait l\u2019objet de critiques r\u00e9v\u00e9lant la persistance d\u2019aspirations autoritaires en politique.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/history\/democracy-switzerland-enemies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La d\u00e9mocratie et ses ennemis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Repr\u00e9sentative ou directe, la d\u00e9mocratie fait l\u2019objet de critiques r\u00e9v\u00e9lant la persistance d\u2019aspirations autoritaires en politique.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/history\/democracy-switzerland-enemies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Regard Libre\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/leregardlibre\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-11T06:13:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-10T13:05:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/portrait-de-pierre-joseph-proudhon-par-gustave-courbet-1865--photo-wikimedia-sous-cc-3-0-e1765471688454.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1460\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1195\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Olivier Meuwly\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@LeRegardLibre\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@LeRegardLibre\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Olivier Meuwly\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/histoire\\\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/histoire\\\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Olivier Meuwly\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d5f8144207b653c27a095c410e55b118\"},\"headline\":\"La d\u00e9mocratie et ses ennemis\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-11T06:13:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-10T13:05:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/histoire\\\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2114,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/histoire\\\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/portrait-de-pierre-joseph-proudhon-par-gustave-courbet-1865--photo-wikimedia-sous-cc-3-0-e1765471688454.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"Anarchisme\",\"D\u00e9mocratie\",\"D\u00e9mocratie directe\",\"Dossier CRITIQUES DE LA D\u00c9MOCRATIE\",\"Parlement\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Histoire\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/histoire\\\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/histoire\\\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/histoire\\\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\\\/\",\"name\":\"La d\u00e9mocratie et ses ennemis\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/histoire\\\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/histoire\\\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/portrait-de-pierre-joseph-proudhon-par-gustave-courbet-1865--photo-wikimedia-sous-cc-3-0-e1765471688454.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-11T06:13:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-10T13:05:22+00:00\",\"description\":\"Repr\u00e9sentative ou directe, la d\u00e9mocratie fait l\u2019objet de critiques r\u00e9v\u00e9lant la persistance d\u2019aspirations autoritaires en politique.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/histoire\\\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/histoire\\\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/histoire\\\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/portrait-de-pierre-joseph-proudhon-par-gustave-courbet-1865--photo-wikimedia-sous-cc-3-0-e1765471688454.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/portrait-de-pierre-joseph-proudhon-par-gustave-courbet-1865--photo-wikimedia-sous-cc-3-0-e1765471688454.jpeg\",\"width\":1460,\"height\":1195,\"caption\":\"Portrait de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon par Gustave Courbet (1865). Photo: Wikim\u00e9dia, sous CC 3.0\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/histoire\\\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"La d\u00e9mocratie et ses ennemis\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Le Regard Libre\",\"description\":\"Premier mensuel suisse de d\u00e9bat\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Le Regard Libre\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/logo-rl-icone-neg.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/logo-rl-icone-neg.jpeg\",\"width\":557,\"height\":556,\"caption\":\"Le Regard Libre\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/leregardlibre\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/LeRegardLibre\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/le-regard-libre\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/leregardlibre\\\/\",\"http:\\\/\\\/t.me\\\/leregardlibre\",\"https:\\\/\\\/youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UC6HzGPomj1LsUmlz-sJtITQ\"],\"description\":\"Revue lib\u00e9rale consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019analyse et au d\u00e9bat sur la politique, l\u2019\u00e9conomie, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et la culture. Des id\u00e9es qui prennent le temps.\",\"email\":\"redaction@leregardlibre.com\",\"legalName\":\"Le Regard Libre\",\"foundingDate\":\"2014-01-01\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"11\",\"maxValue\":\"50\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/a-propos\\\/notre-manifeste\\\/\",\"ownershipFundingInfo\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/mentions-legales\\\/\",\"actionableFeedbackPolicy\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/conditions-generales-de-vente\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d5f8144207b653c27a095c410e55b118\",\"name\":\"Olivier Meuwly\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/7779cd8780436cd086312f9e5809142fca67d43a4ba0c894e5147bc82013f3ad?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/7779cd8780436cd086312f9e5809142fca67d43a4ba0c894e5147bc82013f3ad?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/7779cd8780436cd086312f9e5809142fca67d43a4ba0c894e5147bc82013f3ad?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Olivier Meuwly\"},\"description\":\"Juriste et historien, sp\u00e9cialiste du XIXe si\u00e8cle helv\u00e9tique et des partis politiques suisses, Olivier Meuwly contribue au Regard Libre en qualit\u00e9 d'invit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9daction.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fr.wikipedia.org\\\/wiki\\\/Olivier_Meuwly\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leregardlibre.com\\\/en\\\/author\\\/olivier-meuwly\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Democracy and its enemies","description":"Whether representative or direct, democracy is subject to criticism, revealing the persistence of authoritarian aspirations in politics.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/history\/democracy-switzerland-enemies\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"La d\u00e9mocratie et ses ennemis","og_description":"Repr\u00e9sentative ou directe, la d\u00e9mocratie fait l\u2019objet de critiques r\u00e9v\u00e9lant la persistance d\u2019aspirations autoritaires en politique.","og_url":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/history\/democracy-switzerland-enemies\/","og_site_name":"Le Regard Libre","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/leregardlibre\/","article_published_time":"2025-12-11T06:13:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-02-10T13:05:22+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1460,"height":1195,"url":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/portrait-de-pierre-joseph-proudhon-par-gustave-courbet-1865--photo-wikimedia-sous-cc-3-0-e1765471688454.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Olivier Meuwly","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@LeRegardLibre","twitter_site":"@LeRegardLibre","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Olivier Meuwly","Est. reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/"},"author":{"name":"Olivier Meuwly","@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d5f8144207b653c27a095c410e55b118"},"headline":"La d\u00e9mocratie et ses ennemis","datePublished":"2025-12-11T06:13:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-10T13:05:22+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/"},"wordCount":2114,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/portrait-de-pierre-joseph-proudhon-par-gustave-courbet-1865--photo-wikimedia-sous-cc-3-0-e1765471688454.jpeg","keywords":["Anarchisme","D\u00e9mocratie","D\u00e9mocratie directe","Dossier CRITIQUES DE LA D\u00c9MOCRATIE","Parlement"],"articleSection":["Histoire"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/","url":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/","name":"Democracy and its enemies","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/portrait-de-pierre-joseph-proudhon-par-gustave-courbet-1865--photo-wikimedia-sous-cc-3-0-e1765471688454.jpeg","datePublished":"2025-12-11T06:13:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-10T13:05:22+00:00","description":"Whether representative or direct, democracy is subject to criticism, revealing the persistence of authoritarian aspirations in politics.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/portrait-de-pierre-joseph-proudhon-par-gustave-courbet-1865--photo-wikimedia-sous-cc-3-0-e1765471688454.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/portrait-de-pierre-joseph-proudhon-par-gustave-courbet-1865--photo-wikimedia-sous-cc-3-0-e1765471688454.jpeg","width":1460,"height":1195,"caption":"Portrait de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon par Gustave Courbet (1865). Photo: Wikim\u00e9dia, sous CC 3.0"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/histoire\/democratie-suisse-ennemis\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"La d\u00e9mocratie et ses ennemis"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/","name":"Le Regard Libre","description":"Switzerland's first monthly debate magazine","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/#organization","name":"Le Regard Libre","url":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-rl-icone-neg.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-rl-icone-neg.jpeg","width":557,"height":556,"caption":"Le Regard Libre"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/leregardlibre\/","https:\/\/x.com\/LeRegardLibre","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/le-regard-libre","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/leregardlibre\/","http:\/\/t.me\/leregardlibre","https:\/\/youtube.com\/channel\/UC6HzGPomj1LsUmlz-sJtITQ"],"description":"A liberal magazine dedicated to analysis and debate on politics, economics, society, and culture. Ideas that take time.","email":"redaction@leregardlibre.com","legalName":"Le Regard Libre","foundingDate":"2014-01-01","numberOfEmployees":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","minValue":"11","maxValue":"50"},"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/a-propos\/notre-manifeste\/","ownershipFundingInfo":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/mentions-legales\/","actionableFeedbackPolicy":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/conditions-generales-de-vente\/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d5f8144207b653c27a095c410e55b118","name":"Olivier Meuwly","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7779cd8780436cd086312f9e5809142fca67d43a4ba0c894e5147bc82013f3ad?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7779cd8780436cd086312f9e5809142fca67d43a4ba0c894e5147bc82013f3ad?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7779cd8780436cd086312f9e5809142fca67d43a4ba0c894e5147bc82013f3ad?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"Olivier Meuwly"},"description":"Olivier Meuwly, a lawyer and historian specializing in 19th-century Switzerland and Swiss political parties, contributes to Regard Libre as a guest editor.","sameAs":["https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/","https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olivier_Meuwly"],"url":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/author\/olivier-meuwly\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/530234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/45"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=530234"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/530234\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":530255,"href":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/530234\/revisions\/530255"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/530235"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=530234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=530234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=530234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}