{"id":533530,"date":"2026-10-08T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/?p=533530"},"modified":"2026-10-08T17:55:42","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T15:55:42","slug":"annuler-dette-melenchon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/economie\/annuler-dette-melenchon\/","title":{"rendered":"Annuler la dette pour s\u2019affranchir des march\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A&nbsp;rebours des id\u00e9es lib\u00e9rales du <em>Regard Libre<\/em>, Alexandre Darbellay invite \u00e0 examiner s\u00e9rieusement l\u2019annulation d\u2019une partie de la dette fran\u00e7aise. Cette proposition de Jean-Luc M\u00e9lenchon ouvre une profonde remise en question du financement de l\u2019Etat.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En cette rentr\u00e9e politique fran\u00e7aise, la dette publique est sur toutes les l\u00e8vres. Cependant, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 la plupart des candidats \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle promettent davantage de rigueur budg\u00e9taire, Jean-Luc M\u00e9lenchon prend le probl\u00e8me autrement et propose l\u2019effacement pur et simple d\u2019une partie de la dette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le chef de La France insoumise ne vise toutefois pas les titres de dette d\u00e9tenus par les m\u00e9nages ou les fonds d\u2019investissement. Il s\u2019attaque exclusivement \u00e0 la dette que la Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne (BCE) a accumul\u00e9e via divers programmes visant \u00e0 stimuler l\u2019inflation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-une-dette-que-l-etat-se-doit-a-lui-meme\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Une dette que l\u2019Etat se doit \u00e0 lui-m\u00eame<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apr\u00e8s avoir rachet\u00e9 ces titres de dette sur les march\u00e9s financiers, la BCE les a transf\u00e9r\u00e9s au bilan des banques centrales de chaque pays membre, afin de limiter la mutualisation des risques. Par cons\u00e9quent, cette partie de la dette fran\u00e7aise figure d\u00e9sormais au bilan de la Banque de France, dont l\u2019Etat fran\u00e7ais est le seul actionnaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Or, quelle diff\u00e9rence y a-t-il entre rembourser une dette que l\u2019on se doit \u00e0 soi-m\u00eame et annuler purement et simplement cette m\u00eame dette? La proposition du candidat insoumis semble donc parfaitement neutre sur le plan comptable, bien qu\u2019elle soul\u00e8ve des d\u00e9bats sur la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 et l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la politique mon\u00e9taire. Sa v\u00e9ritable radicalit\u00e9 se situe ainsi moins dans ses cons\u00e9quences macro\u00e9conomiques que dans la remise en cause du cadre institutionnel qui r\u00e9git aujourd\u2019hui le fonctionnement de la zone euro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-la-remise-en-cause-des-marches\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>La remise en cause des march\u00e9s<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon Jean-Luc M\u00e9lenchon, cette annulation am\u00e9liorerait l\u2019image de la dette publique fran\u00e7aise sur les march\u00e9s financiers, en faisant passer son niveau de 117% du PIB \u00e0 environ 98%. Cet all\u00e9gement de quelque 600 milliards d\u2019euros pourrait alors entra\u00eener une baisse des taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat souverains. Une \u00e9volution bienvenue puisque, en France, pr\u00e8s d\u2019un euro sur deux issu des recettes de l\u2019imp\u00f4t sur le revenu sert \u00e0 payer les int\u00e9r\u00eats de la dette. Il permettrait \u00e9galement de repousser, au moins temporairement, la perspective d\u2019une politique d\u2019aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 que le candidat \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle juge particuli\u00e8rement dangereuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mais au-del\u00e0 des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices qu\u2019il en attend \u00e0 court terme, la proposition de Jean-Luc M\u00e9lenchon pourrait surtout constituer la premi\u00e8re pierre d\u2019un projet plus profond: remettre en cause la d\u00e9pendance du financement public \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des march\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-un-autre-modele-de-financement-de-l-etat\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Un autre mod\u00e8le de financement de l\u2019Etat<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le fonctionnement actuel du financement de la dette publique fran\u00e7aise consiste \u00e0 demander aux march\u00e9s financiers d\u2019\u00e9valuer continuellement la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 du programme \u00e9conomique du pays. Chaque semaine, la France renouvelle une partie de sa dette sur les march\u00e9s qui d\u00e9terminent le taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat auquel ils d\u00e9cident de lui pr\u00eater. Mais cela n\u2019a pas toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avant la financiarisation de la dette publique fran\u00e7aise, durant les Trente Glorieuses, l\u2019Etat s\u2019appuyait sur un syst\u00e8me largement administr\u00e9 et compl\u00e9t\u00e9 par des avances de la Banque de France. Un syst\u00e8me qui lui a permis de financer de grands projets, en toute souverainet\u00e9, sans \u00eatre enti\u00e8rement tributaire des cr\u00e9anciers priv\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u2019il parvenait \u00e0 montrer qu\u2019une dette rachet\u00e9e puis annul\u00e9e par la banque centrale n\u2019entra\u00eene qu\u2019un niveau d\u2019inflation tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9, Jean-Luc M\u00e9lenchon pourrait ouvrir \u00e0 nouveau la voie \u00e0 une mani\u00e8re radicalement diff\u00e9rente d\u2019envisager le financement des d\u00e9penses publiques, en redonnant \u00e0 l\u2019institution mon\u00e9taire un r\u00f4le de premier plan. A l\u2019heure o\u00f9 les exigences de rentabilit\u00e9 peinent notamment \u00e0 rencontrer les imp\u00e9ratifs \u00e9cologiques, une telle piste m\u00e9rite d\u2019\u00eatre examin\u00e9e s\u00e9rieusement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Alexandre Darbellay est enseignant en \u00e9conomie et droit au secondaire II et&nbsp;cofondateur de la section fribourgeoise de&nbsp;Rethinking Economics, une association promouvant le pluralisme en \u00e9conomie.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 id=\"h-vous-venez-de-lire-un-contenu-publie-dans-notre-edition-papier-le-regard-libre-nbsp-n-130\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">You have just read content published in our print edition (<a href=\"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/en\/cpt-editions\/le-regard-libre-130-festival\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/leregardlibre.com\/cpt-editions\/le-regard-libre-130-fete\/\"><em>Le Regard Libre&nbsp;<\/em>N\u00b0130<\/a>)<\/h6>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A\u00a0rebours des id\u00e9es lib\u00e9rales du Regard Libre, Alexandre Darbellay invite \u00e0 examiner s\u00e9rieusement l\u2019annulation d\u2019une partie de la dette fran\u00e7aise. Cette proposition de Jean-Luc M\u00e9lenchon ouvre une profonde remise en question du financement de l\u2019Etat.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1939,"featured_media":533538,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27371],"tags":[221766,644358443,4328,644358551],"class_list":["post-533530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","tag-banques","tag-endettement","tag-europe","tag-france"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.5 (Yoast SEO v28.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Annuler la dette pour s\u2019affranchir des march\u00e9s<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Et si la France annulait la dette d\u00e9tenue par sa banque centrale? 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